Choose your disavow file you exported from Ahrefs and submit it. As is the case with Ahrefs’ backlink analytics tool, Semrush has had more time perfecting its Site Audit tool and hence does a better job at identifying critical on-site errors that are hurting your site’s search visibility. You can start using Serpstat for free and test out its features. Steps On How To Disavow Links. The Essential Strong Link Examiner Ahrefs provides the next a lot of energetic online crawler after Google, this means we have the best link database in the industry. Explore organic and paid traffic metrics for any website using Site Explorer. Once it has been processed, you will be able to see a change in your site’s rankings. Wenn du dir Gedanken um die Performance deiner Website in Suchmaschinen machst, ist es nicht nur wichtig, zu wissen, wann und wann du keine nofollow-Links verwenden solltest – es ist sogar von entscheidender Bedeutung. If you want to find long tail keywords for search engines like Google, Bing, Yahoo or social platforms like YouTube, Instagram etc, KeywordTool. Headquartered in Singapore with its roots in Ukraine, Ahrefs believes in the lean startup model with this manifesto: “First do it, then do it right, then do it better. Ahrefs took the SEO world by storm back in 2010 and continued to grow into the SEO power-house it is today — needing 2400 servers, discovering 30 million new pages per day!. Next up, Ahrefs undoubtedly makes a strong case as the best alternative to Semrush. — Gary 鯨理／경리 Illyes (so official, trust me) (@methode) July 21, 2021. txt. You can import from all major sources like Moz, Ahrefs, Majestic, and Google Webmaster Tools. AhrefsBot is a web crawler that powers the database for both Ahrefs, an online data toolset, and Yep, a revenue-sharing web search engine. Moz Spam Analysis is an effective tool for identifying spam backlinks. com, which has a DR of 82. $12/month as a starting point is good, even if the research caps can get annoying. Ahrefs Backlink Checker: Ahrefs is a popular SEO tool that offers a comprehensive backlink analysis feature. To access all the tools in Ahrefs, different plans cater to different kinds of businesses. Semrush has an extensive set of features to help you with SEO, market research, and even paid search campaigns. Were you and your team perform script based test or you collected data from tools like hotjar etc. Broken Backlinks Ahrefs. Google launched its first Link Spam Update on July 26, 2021. Because of that, it’s now more important to pass Google’s Core Web Vitals (CWV) test, which is essentially a speed test. And though Ahrefs seems like the more superior of the two, it really comes down to you, your business, and your budget. com Alternatives to Evaluate Website Ranking and Traffic (2022) 1. The tool is. The list will apply to this property only. Remove or disavow toxic links, monitor changes and secure your link-building efforts. Article Performance. The benefits are obvious: free, passive traffic to your website, month after month. Please note that in this instance, we’re choosing the “prefix” mode because we want to restrict things to the Ahrefs blog, rather than site the as a whole. 8. INTERNATIONALISATION – 9 ChecksDisavow ahrefsto disavow links using ahrefs and google webmaster tools. ”. Negative SEO is a real thing. That said: To crown one tool the “best”, I need to consider lots of factors like:Ahrefs is an SEO software suite that contains tools for link building, keyword research, competitor analysis, rank tracking and site audits. 5/5 for ease of use, and 4/5 for support. Most SEOs know it as a “backlink checker” that competes with Majestic, Mangools, Moz, and Semrush. com has published a review which gives them 5 5/5 for effectiveness, 3/5 for price, 3. Now it’s time to start disavowing links, follow these steps: 1. If your website has had a negative SEO attack, you can disavow links using Ahrefs’ Site Explorer and Google Search Console (Google Webmaster Tools). Ahrefs also allows you to disavow link spam directly from the backlink checker, making it easy to submit a disavow file to Google's Disavow Tool. However, it is a bit pricey for general users. Ahrefs. Top Linking Sites. Check Domain Authority (DA), Page Authority (PA), anchor text, linking domains, and more. At Ahrefs, the domain achieves a domain rating of 92 out of 100 points. domain. Disavow links Step 4. Estamos constantemente a evoluir a ferramenta e a introduzir funcionalidades e dados mais úteis para profissionais. The process is the same in both the Windows and the Mac OSX versions. You can also click on the suspicious link to check if the content on that page is of low quality and then be ready to disavow your dangerous finding from Google. 2. The Disavowed Link tool is a management tool that helps to create and maintain the disavow lists in an organized manner. Log in to your Monitor Backlinks account and connect your domain with Google Analytics. If you’re wondering why we start with Ahrefs, it’s explained in step 4. Search titles only By: Search Advanced search… After identifying the toxic backlinks, you can submit the Disavow file to Google Search Console right from the SEMrush Backlink Audit tool. A3 Lazy Load is a simple plugin for enabling lazy-loading of images. After the analysis is complete, go to the “Backlink profile” section and click on “Backlinks”. If your website has had a negative SEO attack, you can disavow links using Ahrefs’ Site Explorer and Google Search Console (Google Webmaster Tools). It looks like we’re receiving a considerable amount of spammy backlinks with the anchor text “casinobonuspoker”. It is significant to mention that you can make a. Site #1 did suffer a negative SEO attack and SEMrush did a better job of finding many of those links; this is just one case, but maybe it is a valuable tool for creating disavow files following negative SEO attacks… Estimating organic traffic is all. Step 1. The exact meaning will differ depending on which tool you use. And The Winner Is… Based on the results of this little test, Moz definitely comes out on top. 1. Skip to content Features Pricing Resources Blog. Submit a Disavow File to Google for Toxic & Spam Backlinks 5. Ahrefs offers new users a 7-day trial for just $7 to test the platform out for themselves before committing to a paid plan. Make a List of Bad Backlinks to Remove 3. Ahrefs and Semrush offer a free trial period for users to test their services before committing to a paid plan. MozPro How to use MozPro: Like Ahrefs, you can use Moz for free. Links are a confirmed major ranking factor, so I figured it would be interesting to test their impact. 16K. 5. Search Engine Optimization Explained. Negative SEO can be quite inventive. Send a Bad Backlink Removal Request Email 4. You can also see view historical backlinks via. This bot can crawl any website unless disallowed, and prevents excessive load on website servers by limiting crawling to 1 request per 2 seconds by default. Click Continue, follow the instructions to complete the setup, then run the crawl. You can then export the disavow file from Ahrefs and upload it to GSC. Reality: This is untrue. Backlinks provides advanced filters that make it easy to identify the best link opportunities for you. If you pay monthly, Ahrefs ranges from $99 all the way up to $999. Ahrefs has been the number one tool in our SEO tool belt for many years. 1. Here, too, the value is more than collinsdictionary. Ahrefs used to have a straightforward pricing model: if you signed up to Lite, you got featured in Lite. There are several tools available for checking your website load speed. Backlinks đạt được. You can use Ahrefs for free but you have restricted access to some tools. Keyword Difficulty (KD) is an SEO metric that estimates how hard it would be to rank on the first page of Google for a given keyword. Luckily, Ahrefs displays metrics about each backlink pointing to your site so you can easily see the highest quality among them — and the lowest. Once inside, go to the dashboard and click on the “Management” tab, then to “Dashboard,” and finally to “Add new project. Monitor Backlinks offer a free 30-day trial you can use to test out the tool. Start course. 4. Use the filters to narrow down the data you want to see. They are winning on ~76% of domains compared to Majestic SEO’s ~24%. Get started. With Ahrefs, you’ll begin by auditing your content to see how it performs compared to your competitors. Today, in this video we are going to. Check for 140+ SEO issues. If you’ve connected your Google account with Ahrefs, you’ll be able to see your Google Search Console data on the dashboard. txt file. Submit a Disavow File to Google for Toxic & Spam Backlinks 5. Ahrefs – No special discount, but you can get a ~20% discount on an annual subscription. Google’s disavow tool being the most effective. This data comes from our database of ~500 million. The tool enables you to keep track of all your backlinks, get notified once any of them will be lost,. Here’s how to do it: Log in to Google Search Console and select your website. Ahrefs. ”. Run a crawl of your website. This generally happens when the website violates Google’s quality guidelines. 340. Head of Content @ Ahrefs (or, in plain English, I'm the guy responsible for ensuring that every blog post we publish is EPIC). Google's war on link spam puts some online businesses at risk of organic search penalty, making the disavow tool an important asset for websites at risk of being. Has a disavow file been checked? Ahrefs / Visual. AhrefsAhrefs has had a tremendous impact on improving my website's performance. Step 1: Run a Crawl of Your Website. Once you have your disavow link file, go to the Google Search Console disavow links tool. Users can also. Robots. The disavow function is available on the dashboard, to the right of each project. The tool allows you to choose specific links to remove, as well as the domain they’re linking to. Ahrefs’ broken link checker also lets you run daily, weekly, or monthly crawls to help with your broken link building efforts. 3. Once you’ve selected “Upload a new disavow file,” you’ll be given the option to either upload your disavow file or paste the file’s contents directly into the text box. If you’re wondering why we start with Ahrefs, it’s explained in step 4. Remember to try other. 3) Ahrefs: Our Favorite Tool for Finding New Opportunities. Not only does Ahrefs give you tons of backlink data, but you can disavow links from right within the. Although these free alternatives are NOT all-in-one SEO toolkits like Semrush or Ahrefs, they are helpful for keyword research, link analysis, site audits, etc. This penalty results in a dramatic drop in rankings and organic traffic loss. Google Disavow is a powerful tool that can help webmasters safeguard their website from negative SEO. Google Trends Tool 4. . Once you have identified the toxic backlinks, it's time to disavow them. Managing your account; upgrading, downgrading and cancellations; payment methods, invoices, VAT and billing cycles To do this, navigate to your “Manage” tab, click on “ Disavow Links ,” and select “Upload a new disavow file. Then, select your website (“property”) from the drop-down. Ahrefs Review & Tutorial 2023: How To Create Content That Sticks & Build Links That Count. Step 3. Once you login into your Google Ads account, on the main page menu bar click “Tools & Settings” and click the “Keyword Planner” link. It was uploaded on Aug. It only helps you to create a list. ” It’s at the top. Using Moz Spam Analysis to Test Links. According to a TrustRadius reviewer, “Ahrefs is simply the best out there,”. Pricing. Academic writing. Ahrefs will also show you problems such as broken links that could hurt your ranking. You can then export the disavow file from Ahrefs and upload it to GSC. First, create a list of the bad backlinks you want to disavow. 4. Ahrefs is one of the biggest and best analytics and SEO tools on the market. Go to disavow links from the account you want. $39/mo - $299/mo. Whoever is doing it is sneaking links that DO pass value among all the bullshit links to your images using the anchor of ". It also gives you one-click access to tons of reports that help you find things like broken links or new content opportunities. In the summer of 2021, Google released a major update. Personally, I find Ahrefs to be more user-friendly and the guides/tutorials provided by Ahrefs team makes it easier to start taking action. Grow your traffic now. In doing so they also disavowed about 200 that were not spammy links. Whether it's blog posts, articles, product descriptions, or social media captions, the tool can assist in generating compelling paragraphs, saving time and effort for content creators. If you’re trying to check many sites or pages in a short period of time, Ahrefs may slow you down. 4. Rank Active. Translation: We’re discovering new broken links all the time. How to Remove Bad Backlinks: 1. About Press PressSee your Google Search Console data directly in Ahrefs. If you are not sure, check the domain authority from ahrefs free domain authority checker. Domain Rating shows the strength of a target website’s total backlink profile (in terms of its size and quality). Google does not flag your site as spam for using the disavow tool. 3. 7 Technical SEO. A crawler is an internet program designed to browse the internet systematically. As someone who has been practicing SEO for 15+ years, I will stick with Screaming Frog and Ahrefs. Today Ahrefs has a built-in tool to create disavow lists. Importing this file into Google’s Disavow Tool takes only a few clicks. In the above example, “red apples” is a better choice for you, as a target keyword instead of “apples”, as “red apples” have a lower keyword difficulty score of 57%, and “apples” have a higher keyword difficulty score of 97%. Top 3 FREE Semrush Competitors for 2023. 1. It has one of the largest backlinks databases in the entire industry. We use it for everything SEO-related. Google Web Stories Tool 8. HTML tags: missing, duplicate or non-optimal length of title tags, meta descriptions and H1 tags. Get free link data. Customer Satisfaction: Majestic rated high in customer satisfaction and experience. Select the backlinks you want to disavow 6. Review and confirm the disavowal 8. Then, click on the "Disavow Links" button and upload the disavow file you created. A user can upload the spreadsheets or manually add the URLs and Domains. For this purpose, you could use tools like Site Explorer or the free Ahrefs Webmaster Tools. Your other option is to use the Google disavow tool. Beispiele für SEO-Tests. 400. Ahrefs See Google Search Console performance data on your dashboard. What is a Disavow File? A disavow file is a text (. The page that the website is linking from (linking page) resides under the Referring page column (1) and the page that it links to (destination page) resides under the Anchor and target URL column (2). Google Keyword Planner Tool 6. Standard and Advanced profiles come in at $199 and $399 respectively, while Enterprise subscriptions cost $999 per month. Pages need to be crawlable and indexable to even have a chance at ranking, but many other activities will have minimal impact compared to content and links. Creating a disavow file in Ahrefs is a straightforward process. The first piece of software is also the best. Ahrefs Ahrefs keyword tools offer fewer features, as the keyword research tool consists of two main features: Keyword Explorer. Ahrefs shows you the complete picture of followed vs nofollowed links for any target. Source: Ahrefs Site Explorer. Slow pages. From there, you can disavow links and generate a file to submit to Google Webmaster Tools. Defend against it quickly and effectively with our disavow tool. Try. Slow sites have high bounce rates, which is a big red flag to Google and the other search engines. 2. The first step in using Disavow Links Ahrefs is to identify the harmful backlinks that you want to disavow. After using Ahrefs for 3 years, I can't imagine my work life without it. In our experience, though, SEMrush has better performance. Semrush offers three main pricing plans: Pro: $129. Whether you are analyzing your own list of keywords or looking at the suggestions in Keywords Explorer, our Keyword Difficulty metric shows you the opportunities you can easily rank for. They include our own collection of free SEO tools, as well as a few select third-party tools that we trust. Once you got all the backlinks you want to be removed checked in Ahrefs Backlinks, click the “Disavow Domains” button in Ahrefs’ report menu bar: I don’t recommend using the “Disavow URLs” button beside it because it will disavow the URL where the spammy backlink is coming from – not the entire domain. Once you’ve selected “Upload a new disavow file,” you’ll be given the option to either upload your disavow file or paste the file’s contents directly into the text box. To do this, navigate to your “Manage” tab, click on “ Disavow Links ,” and select “Upload a new disavow file. Get Ahrefs UR/DR and Traffic metrics for all the links (Ahrefs data will already have these metrics, so you’re saving time and Ahrefs’ credits). It is a paid tool and is considered one of the best SEO tools on the market. 1. Once satisfied, you can opt for one of the following paid plans: Lite – $69 per month If your website has had a negative SEO attack, you can disavow links using Ahrefs’ Site Explorer and Google Search Console (Google Webmaster Tools). Pricing Ahrefs offers four pricing plans to cater to different user needs: 1. He was the lead author for the SEO chapter of the 2021 Web Almanac and a reviewer for the 2022 SEO chapter. Google Web Stories Tool 8. In short: Ahrefs is an SEO tool designed to help people get higher Google rankings. Giúp bạn có thể nhìn nhận và xử lý những backlink xấu đến với website của mình nhanh chóng. Namun, mencari dan memeriksa backlink satu per satu akan memakan banyak waktu. 1. Same for all Overview stats. 8. txt rules. Then you can easily export your disavow list from Ahrefs and import it into Google Disavow Tool. Click on "Disavow Links" on your Dashboard: You can either add links in manually or by uploading a file. After conducting a backlink audit, it’s important to create a Link. By Anna and 8 others 9 authors 28 articles. Several tools offer insights in this regard, including Ahrefs and Majestic, with varying depth. Lighthouse. The tool provides detailed information on each backlink, including the domain authority, anchor text, and link type. Part of this research involves finding the right keywords, coming up with the best structure. This use case can save time and effort in the manual editing. It is already the biggest database on the web, and it’s growing steadily. Links for. Using a Disavow tool can help you to avoid future issues with your. Competitor Analysis. Ahrefs’ Paragraph Generator can be utilized to quickly generate engaging and informative paragraphs for various types of content. Find and replace. Here’s how Ahrefs is rated on these sites: G2Crowd – 4. Today, in this video we are going to. a3 Lazy Load. . Now, it’s time to put Ahrefs to the test. It can take around 2-4 weeks to get your report processed. Disavowing functionality will only work for those domains/URLs you. Understanding the Concept of Disavowing Links in Ahrefs Disavowing links is an essential process that helps you maintain a healthy and authoritative backlink profile. We disavowed 3,476 links across three blog posts. Business: $499. This is the new location and we don’t intend on moving it back. Using an automated tool, such as Ahrefs, will streamline the link auditing process. Although we've highlighted the best paid-for SEO tools out there, a number of websites offer more limited tools that are free to use. On top of that, you can also use Ahrefs to do keyword research for Google, YouTube,. When it comes to domain authority, high-quality backlinks are king. By inputting a paragraph into the tool, users can receive a rewritten version that offers improved clarity, structure, and overall quality. Bing Webmaster Tools Similar Sites Report. Google Search Console – Performance data from Google. The Audit tab of this tool lets you comb through your entire backlink profile (up to 500 backlinks per referring domain) and take action if necessary. Join Ahrefs – we're a. Next, you can export it and take it to the Disavow Links Tool. Ahrefs has a more intuitive user interface. Just enter up to ten words or phrases and choose from one of six keyword ideas reports. Having technical errors on your website can significantly impact. Ahrefs’ is the clear winner and provided the most actual, live links by a margin of nearly ten whole percentage points. SHARES. Also check: Semrush group buy at just $1 per day. That’s a much higher differential than what I expected. Disavowing functionality will only work for those domains/URLs you have added to Ahrefs Dashboard as projects. Google Ads Tool 5. Once you have completed your disavow file it can be uploaded to the Disavow Tool in Google Search Console. By setting up the alerts, you will receive an email from Google if: Your website is attacked. Nous ne recommandons pas cette méthode pour trois raisons : Si le changement a un impact négatif sur le SEO, cela va impacter toutes les pages, pas juste quelques-unes. These tools are all-in-one SEO tools that can help you achieve all your SEO goals right from building new backlinks to on-page and technical SEO. You can add domains or URLs to your disavow list directly from the backlinks report, as you inspect your backlink profile. You can block Ahrefsbot by adding new rules to your robots. They have a huge keyword database with 19. The tool is essentially a feature that lets you upload a file with a list of links. If you already have links in this tab, you can locate the button to import a disavow file above the table. This can include things like transferring your disavow file, setting geo-targeting, URL parameter settings, and uploading sitemaps. But in terms of pure features, Ahrefs and SEMrush are pretty much tied. Backlinks bị mất. How to Improve Your Ahrefs Health Score? 1. ; Good SEO reports – Clients see key data summaries and easy-to-understand insights and overview of the work done. Link Checker. To do this, log in to your Ahrefs account and navigate to the Site Explorer tool. For instance, a DA of 50. Just click on the “GSC performance” tab. Use the interactive graph to see how traffic has. Alasannya yakni setelah saya melakukan pemeriksaan di google search console dan tools ahrefs, ternyata ada tautan link mencurigakan yang mengarah ke salah satu situs saya. With its comprehensive database of live backlinks updated regularly, Ahrefs allows you to identify potentially harmful ones by filtering based on factors like domain rating (DR), anchor text distribution, and more. Keywordtool. With Semrush, you’ll need the Agency Growth Kit add-on to access its agency tools. Check your website for 140+ pre-defined SEO issues. If you pay monthly, Ahrefs ranges from $99 all the way up to $999. please give the tool another go (probably a temporary API issue). To disavow Ahrefs toxic links, follow these steps: Step 1: Identify Toxic Links. We download our list of links here, and use their metrics to get a general idea as to the value of a link. Which makes comparing their pricing to Semrush a little more complicated. Use Ahrefs to monitor changes in your backlink profile and check if the toxic links are no longer influencing your site’s authority. Monitor Backlinks. Links fo. It’s worth mentioning the negative effect of Google’s algorithm updates must. Step #3: Select the “Discover new keywords” tool. Google Structured Data Markup Helper Tool 10. Follow the steps below on how to use Ahrefs to clean up an attack and submit a disavow file to Google. 9/10 (189 reviews) Capterra – 4. Semrush. Step 8: Monitor Your Backlink Profile. I was surprised to see that SEMrush found so many more backlinks for site #1 than Ahrefs. Filter for keywords where you rank in positions 3-10. You can see sites that link to yours through Google Search Console. Use the filters to narrow down the data you want to see. ”. Learn how to use Semrush with user manuals, how-to’s, videos and more!. I. SEOPowersuite is more technical and good for those who are hardcore SEO’s. Q6. In doing so they also disavowed about 200 that were not spammy links. Bireysel SEO eğitimle. This is helpful for assessing the top-ranking pages and understanding why these pages are ranking where they are. Plus, new legitimate websites that have yet to build links can also. Bing. if the redirect is broken after 1 y, A will be standing on its own and so will B. Ahrefs is the industry-standard software for doing a whole host of things. Create a text file that we can upload to the search console, it will look something as shown below, and also the backlink that I no longer want in my backlink profile. Reveal every keyword for which the target website or web page ranks in the top 100 across 155 countries. In simple terms, a penalty is a “punishment” manually imposed on a website by Google’s webspam team. 0. How to Disavow Ahrefs Toxic Links. 6/5 Pricing: Ahrefs offers a 7-day trial for $7. Ahrefs' SERP Checker shows you how much organic search traffic the top results get from all the keywords they rank for. Another tool similar to Ahrefs, Majestic gives us another source for finding backlinks to compare with the previous two. By clicking "Manually Add Links", the format needed will be displayed: See format in image below:Discover keyword ideas, all day long. Create an account and add your site to the Ahrefs dashboard. It also functions as an excellent backlink checker, and it can even help you find high quality backlinks free. Google previously used the content from the desktop version of pages and made this change in response to the increasing number of users accessing. It takes into account hundreds of factors, including keyword mentions, usability, and backlinks. Repeat the process for any other backlinks you wish to disavow. 1. 14. Moz Pro. Both Ahrefs and SEMrush have browser extensions that help you quickly evaluate a website's domain authority, estimated backlinks, and other basic data. Click on “Register” and create your account. Ahrefs’ primary keyword research tool is called Keyword Explorer. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to disavow links in Ahrefs: Here's an example where I've used AtOnce's AI SEO writer to generate high-quality articles that actually rank in Google: Log in to your Ahrefs account and navigate to the Site Explorer tool. In the report, you can see the top 1000 websites linking your site. To disavow a backlink, you need to use the "Disavow Links" tool in Google Search Console. Baru saja kemarin saya melakukan disavow link terhadap dua blog yang saya kelola. Go to “ Links ” in the left sidebar. Send a Bad Backlink Removal Request Email 4. Having tools in place like Accuranker, Ahrefs, and Google Search Console is incredibly important when it comes to diagnosing issues like these as fast as possible. Ahrefs also offers a toxic backlink checker that identifies links from low-quality or spammy websites. In this Ahrefs review, I'll be walking you through the tool and help you know whether the tool is. Just click on the “GSC performance” tab. AhrefsBot is a web crawler that powers the database for both Ahrefs, an online data toolset, and Yep, a revenue-sharing web search engine. See all your competitor’s backlinks. July 22, 2023 Discover how Test Backlinks Ahrefs saves websites from SEO villains! Unveil its powers, tips, and secrets for ultimate success. The Google core update for May 2022 is still not done rolling out after 14-days but it should be done soon. You cannot rely on this metric alone to determine if a website is spammy or not. Here’s how its interface looks like;Ahrefs had 829/10,000 dead links. But the question is—when it comes to Semrush vs Ahrefs, is Ahrefs better than. Backlinks lost Ahrefs. This means that if you need to disavow backlinks for a specific target URL/domain, you will simply need to first add it onto your Dashboard as a separate project or campaign. Visit the Site Explorer. The Standard plan comes for $179 which is also designed for one user followed by the Advanced plan for $399 designed for 3 users. Outside of Ahrefs being a great source of search data, they’re one of my top tools due to them listening to users and constantly improving their tools. Which makes comparing their pricing to Semrush a little more complicated. 28. Ahrefs launched a free SEO tool that offers SEO and site diagnostic data. 33 and $416. It has the biggest backlink index than any other tool. Reviewing Your Links. Has a disavow file been created? GSC. Google Rich Results Test Tool 9. Learn how to use Ahrefs' SEO tools and reports to improve SEO and get more organic traffic. Winner: Ahrefs. Google has multiple search algorithms all working together to return the best results. The Ahrefs “Referring IPs” tool was VERY really useful in this process:. Now it’s time to start disavowing links, follow these steps: 1.